COP29, held in Baku, Azerbaijan, marked a pivotal moment in the global fight against climate change. With over 65,000 participants, including world leaders and experts, the conference brought urgent climate issues into sharp focus. Here are four key highlights from COP29

A New Global Climate Finance Target
Delegates agreed on a "New Collective Quantified Goal for climate finance," aiming for $1.3 trillion annually to support developing countries. While the $300 billion commitment from developed nations is a step forward, it still falls short of the funding needed by vulnerable nations, especially for loss and damage mechanisms.

Progress on Carbon Markets
COP29 saw major strides in operationalizing carbon markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. New frameworks for carbon credit transactions and safeguards to protect human rights and the environment were established, marking a significant move toward meeting the Paris Agreement’s emission reduction targets.

Ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
Countries, including the UK and Brazil, unveiled updated climate commitments. With 2025 marking the deadline for the next round of NDCs, nations were urged to set more ambitious and investable targets, emphasizing renewable energy and emissions reductions.

Challenges in Fossil Fuel Transition
Despite calls for a transition away from fossil fuels, COP29 failed to make binding commitments to phase out fossil fuel subsidies, which remain a major obstacle to global decarbonization. This issue, along with scaling climate finance and integrating nature-based solutions, will need more focus in future COPs.

Looking Ahead
As countries update their NDCs and prepare for COP30 in Brazil, the climate process must continue evolving to bridge the gaps left by COP29. The World Economic Forum in Davos will also provide an opportunity to turn COP29 outcomes into actionable initiatives, enhancing public-private collaboration to tackle climate challenges with greater urgency.